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Java Keywords

Table of Java keywords and Descriptions. Java was a language developed by the Sun Microsystems Corporation in the 1990’s. It is an object oriented language that resembles both C and C++. The Java keywords reflect it’s origins as an off shoot of the C language. The following Java keywords are the building blocks of the programming language. A Java program is constructed by creating a syntactically and procedurally correct program file that can be compiled by a Java compiler.

Code Description
abstract An abstract class can have abstract methods that are not implemented in the abstract class, but in subclasses. All methods declared in an interface are implicitly abstract.
assert

A keyword used to make the assumed value of a condition explicit. If the condition is not true, an AssertionError is thrown.

boolean Refers to an expression or variable that can have only a true or false value
byte

An 8-bit integer. A keyword used to declare an expression, method return value, or variable of type byte.

break Used to resume program execution at the statement immediately following the current enclosing block or statement.
case Defines a group of statements to execute if the specified value matches the value defined by the enclosing switch statement
catch Defines an exception handler—a group of statements that are executed if an exception is thrown in the block defined by a preceding try keyword.
char

A 16-bit Unicode character. A Java keyword used to declare an expression, method return value, or variable of type character.

class

A type that defines the implementation of a particular kind of object. A class definition defines instance and class fields, methods, and inner classes as well as specifying the interfaces the class implements and the immediate superclass of the class. If the superclass is not explicitly specified, the superclass is implicitly Object.

const

This keyword is not used by current versions of the Java programming language.

continue

Used to resume program execution at the end of the current loop body. If followed by a label, continue resumes execution at the end of the enclosing labeled loop body.

default

Defines a group of statements to begin executing if the value defined by the enclosing switch statement does not match any value specified by a case keyword in the switch statement.

do

Used to declare a loop that will iterate a block of statements. The loop's exit condition is specified with the while keyword. The loop will execute once before evaluating the exit condition.

double

A 64-bit floating point value. A Java keyword used to declare an expression, method return value, or variable of type double-precision floating point number.

else

Used to define a statement or block of statements that are executed in the case that the test condition specified by the if keyword evaluates to false.

enum A Java keyword used to declare an enumerated type
extends Used in a class declaration to specify the the superclass; used in an interface declaration to specify one or more superinterfaces
final

Define an entity once that cannot be changed nor derived from later. More specifically: a final class cannot be subclassed, a final method cannot be overridden, and a final variable can occur at most once as a left-hand expression. All methods in a final class are implicitly final.

finally

Used to define a block of statements for a block defined previously by the try keyword. The finally block is executed after execution exits the try block and any associated catch clauses regardless of whether an exception was thrown or caught.

float

A 32-bit floating point value. A Java keyword used to declare an expression, method return value, or variable of type single-precision floating point number.

for Used to define a loop that reiterates statements. The for loop specifies the statements to be executed, exit condition, and initialization variables for the loop
goto

This keyword is not used by current versions of the Java programming language.

if

Used to conduct a conditional test and execute a block of statements if the test evaluates to true. If an optional block is defined with the else keyword, then the else block is executed if the test evaluates to false.

implements Included in a class declaration to specify one or more interfaces that are implemented by the current class. A class inherits the types and abstract methods declared by the interfaces.
import Used at the beginning of a source file to specify classes or entire Java packages to be referred to later without including their package names in the reference.
instanceof A binary operator that takes an object reference as its first operand and a class or interface as its second operand and produces a boolean result.
int

A 32-bit integer value. A Java keyword used to declare an expression, method return value, or variable of type integer.

interface Used to declare a special type of class that only contains abstract methods, constant (static final) fields and static interfaces.
long A 64-bit integer value. A Java keyword used to declare an expression, method return value, or variable of type long integer.
native

Used in method declarations to specify that the method is not implemented in the same Java source file, but rather in another language.

new

A keyword used to create an instance of a class or array.

package A group of types. Packages are declared with the package keywor
private An access modifier used in a method, field or inner class declaration. It signifies that the member can only be accessed by other elements of its class.
protected

An access modifier used in a method, field or inner class declaration. It signifies that the member can only be accessed by elements residing in its class, subclasses, or classes in the same package.

public An access modifier used in a class, method or field declaration. It signifies that the class, method or variable can be accessed by elements residing in other classes or packages. All members declared in an interface are implicitly public.
return

Used to finish the execution of a method. It can be followed by a value required by the method definition that is returned to the caller.

short

A 16-bit integer value. Used to declare an expression, method return value, or variable of type short integer.

static Used to declare a field, method or inner class as a class field. Classes maintain one copy of class fields regardless of how many instances exist of that class. static also is used to define a method as a class method.
strictfp

A Java keyword used to restrict the precision and rounding of floating point calculations to ensure portability.

super Used to access members of a class inherited by the class in which it appears. Allows a subclass to access overridden methods and hidden members of its superclass.
switch

Used to evaluate a variable that can later be matched with a value specified by the case keyword in order to execute a group of statements.

synchonized Used in the declaration of an instance method or code block to acquire the mutex lock for an object while the current thread executes the code.
this Used to represent an instance of the class in which it appears. this can be used to access class members and as a reference to the current instance
throw Causes the declared exception instance to be thrown. This causes execution to continue with the first enclosing exception handler declared by the catch keyword to handle an assignment compatible exception type.
throws Used in method declarations to specify which exceptions are not handled within the method but rather passed to the next higher level of the program
transient Declares that an instance field is not part of the default serialized form of an object. When an object is serialized, only the values of its non-transient instance fields are included in the default serial representation.
try Defines a block of statements that have exception handling. If an exception is thrown inside the try block, an optional catch block can handle declared exception types.
void Defines a block of statements that have exception handling. If an exception is thrown inside the try block, an optional catch block can handle declared exception types.
volatile Used in field declarations to specify that the variable is modified asynchronously by concurrently running threads.
while Used to declare a loop that iterates a block of statements. The loop's exit condition is specified as part of the while statement.
false A boolean literal value.
null

A reference literal value.

true

A boolean literal value.

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